Optimization of horizontal drain dimensions in heterogeneous earth dams using Artificial Neural Network (ANN): A case study on Marvak dam

Alonso E., and Pinyol N., Slope stability under rapid drawdown conditions, First Italian Workshop on Landslides, Napols (2009) 11–27.
Bahrehbar A.R., Bouzari A., Bahrehbar F., Laboratory study of the effect of the type of drainage system in the amount of leakage from the body and the homogeneous earth dam, 6th Environmental, Energy and Biological Conservation Conference, Tehran, (2017).
Baker R., Rydman S., Talesnick M., Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions, Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 17 (1993) 14–43.
Berilgen M.M., Investigation of stability of slopes under drawdown conditions, Computers and Geotechnics 34 (2007) 81–91.
Chahar B.R., Determination of the length of the horizontal drain in homogeneous earth dams, Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering 130 (2004) 530–536.
Darabi M., and Maleki M., Effect of drainage geometry on the dynamic response of homogeneous earth dams, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 48 (2017) 99–108.
Duncan J.M., and Wright S.G., Soil strength and slope stability, 1st ed., Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, (2005).
Fattah M.Y., Omran H.A., Hassan M.A., Flow and stability of Al-wand dam during the rapid drawdown of water in the reservoir, Acta Montanistica Slovaca 22 (2017) 43–57.
Kalantari B., and Nazeri F., Effect of material quality on the stability of Embankment dam, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 21 (2016) 5061–5071.
Lane P.A., and Griffiths D.V., Assessment of stability of slopes under drawdown conditions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126 (2000) 443–450.
Lowe J., and Karafiath L., Effect of anisotropic consolidation of the undrained shear strength of compacted clays, Research Conference on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, 1-2 Feb, Colorado, (1980) 237–258.
Malekpour A., Farsadizadeh D., Hosseinzadeh Dalir A., Sadr Karimi J., The effect of the horizontal drain on the stability of homogeneous earth dam under rapid discharge conditions, Journal of Water and Soil Science 22 (2012) 139–152.
Mishra G.C., and Singh A.K., Seepage through a levee, International Journal of Geomechanics 74 (2005) 1532–3641.Alonso E., and Pinyol N., Slope stability under rapid drawdown conditions, First Italian Workshop on Landslides, Napols (2009) 11–27.
Bahrehbar A.R., Bouzari A., Bahrehbar F., Laboratory study of the effect of the type of drainage system in the amount of leakage from the body and the homogeneous earth dam, 6th Environmental, Energy and Biological Conservation Conference, Tehran, (2017).
Baker R., Rydman S., Talesnick M., Slope stability analysis for undrained loading conditions, Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 17 (1993) 14–43.
Berilgen M.M., Investigation of stability of slopes under drawdown conditions, Computers and Geotechnics 34 (2007) 81–91.
Chahar B.R., Determination of the length of the horizontal drain in homogeneous earth dams, Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering 130 (2004) 530–536.
Darabi M., and Maleki M., Effect of drainage geometry on the dynamic response of homogeneous earth dams, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 48 (2017) 99–108.
Duncan J.M., and Wright S.G., Soil strength and slope stability, 1st ed., Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, (2005).
Fattah M.Y., Omran H.A., Hassan M.A., Flow and stability of Al-wand dam during the rapid drawdown of water in the reservoir, Acta Montanistica Slovaca 22 (2017) 43–57.
Kalantari B., and Nazeri F., Effect of material quality on the stability of Embankment dam, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 21 (2016) 5061–5071.
Lane P.A., and Griffiths D.V., Assessment of stability of slopes under drawdown conditions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126 (2000) 443–450.
Lowe J., and Karafiath L., Effect of anisotropic consolidation of the undrained shear strength of compacted clays, Research Conference on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, 1-2 Feb, Colorado, (1980) 237–258.
Malekpour A., Farsadizadeh D., Hosseinzadeh Dalir A., Sadr Karimi J., The effect of the horizontal drain on the stability of homogeneous earth dam under rapid discharge conditions, Journal of Water and Soil Science 22 (2012) 139–152.
Mishra G.C., and Singh A.K., Seepage through a levee, International Journal of Geomechanics 74 (2005) 1532–3641.

Svano G., and Nordal S., Undrained effective stability analysis, Proceedings of the ninth European Nonference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Dublin, (1987).
Tesarik D.R., and Kealy C.D., Estimation horizontal drain design by the Finite-Difference method, International Journal of Mine Water 3 (2005) 1–19.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering and design manual slope stability, Engineer Manual EM 1110-2-1902, Department of the Army Corps of Engineers, Washington DC, (2003).
Wright S.G., and Duncan J.M., An examination of slope stability computation procedures for sudden drawdown, Report GL-87-25, US Army Corps Engineers, Waterway Experiment Station (1987).
Xu Y.Q., Unami K., Kawachi T., Optimal hydraulic design of the earth dam cross-section using saturated-unsaturated seepage flow model, Advances in Water Resource 26 (2002) 1–7.
Yazdaniyan M., Afshoon H.R., Ghasemi S., Afshoon V., Fahim F., Effect of height on the static stability of heterogeneous embankment dams, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 5 (2017) 274–282.
Zomorodiyan M.A, and Abdollahzadeh M., The effect of horizontal drainages on the upper slope sustainability of earth dams during the drawdown of the reservoir, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 42 (2012) 29–35.