تاثیر شمول مالی و نابرابری درآمد بر سرمایه انسانی در کشورهای در حال توسعه
مطالعات اقتصاد بخش عمومی
دوره 3، شماره 2، تیر 1403، صفحه 163-188    اصل مقاله (1.73 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22126/pse.2024.10320.1102
نویسندگان
یونس نادمی1؛ معصومه دالوندی* 2؛ سیما دالوندی3
1گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی (ره)، بروجرد، ایران
2دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد پولی دانشگاه اصفهان
3کارشناسی ارشد حسابداری، دانشگاه چمران اهواز، ایران
چکیده
اغلب کشورهای در حال توسعه با سطوح پایین سرمایه انسانی مواجه هستند. سرمایه انسانی از طریق آموزش و ارتقای مهارت‌ها و دانش، می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از راهکارهای کلیدی در پیشرفت کشورهای در حال توسعه مطرح شود. یک سیستم مالی با عملکرد مناسب جهت کاهش ریسک‌های مرتبط با از دست دادن درآمد و در نتیجه تقویت سرمایه انسانی، افزایش فرصت‌ها و مکانیسم‌های توزیع درآمد و کاهش فقر ضروری است. از این روی شمول مالی نقش مهمی در تقویت سرمایه انسانی ایفا می‌کند. شمول مالی با تسهیل دسترسی و استفاده از خدمات مالی برای همه افراد در یک اقتصاد، به عنوان عاملی حیاتی از توسعه انسانی و رشد اقتصادی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. علاوه بر این، دسترسی و استفاده از امکانات مالی ممکن است به افراد اجازه دهد تا با سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش آموزش با عوامل مخاطره‌آمیز مقابله کنند و بار مشکلات مالی را کاهش دهند و در نتیجه تأثیر مثبتی بر سرمایه انسانی داشته باشند. با توجه به این مسئله، مطالعه حاضر تأثیر شمول مالی و نابرابری درآمد را بر سرمایه انسانی در 52 کشور در حال توسعه طی دوره 2021-2005 و با استفاده از روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته پانلی بررسی می‌کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شاخص شمول مالی در سطح معنای ده درصد تأثیر غیرخطی به شکل U بر سرمایه انسانی دارد. به عبارت دیگر، در سطوح پایین شمول مالی، این متغیر نمی تواند به تقویت سرمایه انسانی منجر شود اما در سطوح بالا و عبور از آستانه این متغیر می تواند موجب تقویت سرمایه انسانی شود. سایر نتایج نشان می‌دهد که نابرابری درآمد و پرداخت‌های انتقالی اثر منفی و معنادار و رشد اقتصادی و قدرت خرید مصرف‌کننده اثر مثبت و معنادار بر سرمایه انسانی دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
سرمایه انسانی؛ شمول مالی؛ روش گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته؛ نابرابری درآمد؛ کشورهای در حال توسعه
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله Abs 1.pdf
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