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نقش بیوانفورماتیک در بهنژادی گیاهان برای تنشهای غیرزیستی | ||
بیوتکنولوژی و بیوشیمی غلات | ||
دوره 3، شماره 4، دی 1403، صفحه 609-654 اصل مقاله (931.27 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22126/cbb.2025.11610.1099 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مریم خلقی1؛ پرویز رادمنش2؛ رضا درویش زاده* 3؛ قاسم کریم زاده4؛ هادی علیپور5؛ سمیه صوفی ملکی6؛ حمید حاتمی ملکی7؛ دانیال کهریزی8 | ||
1محقق پسادکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
2دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، گروه ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
3استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
4استاد، گروه ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
5دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
6دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، انستیتو علوم اعصاب تولوز، فرانسه. | ||
7دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران. | ||
8استاد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. تهران، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
مقدمه: تنشهای غیرزیستی بهعنوان عوامل اصلی محدودکننده بهرهوری در کشاورزی شناخته میشوند. در عصر حاضر، با توجه به تغییرات مداوم اقلیمی، درک جنبههای مولکولی مرتبط با پاسخ گیاهان به این تنشها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. ظهور فناورهای اُمیکس، راهبردهای کلیدی را برای ارتقای تحقیقات مؤثر در این حوزه ارائه میدهد و تحقیقات را از مدلهای مرجع به سمت گونهها و ژنوتیپهای متنوع مقاوم و حساس گسترش میدهد. با استفاده از رویکردهای چند سطحی یکپارچه، که شامل بررسیهای ژنومیکس، ترنسکریپتومیکس، پروتئومیکس و متابولومیکس میشوند، میتوان به درک بهتری از فرآیندهای مولکولی مرتبط با پاسخ به تنشهای غیرزیستی دست یافت. در این راستا، بیوانفورماتیک بهعنوان ابزاری اساسی برای تولید، استخراج و یکپارچهسازی دادهها عمل کرده و برای استخراج اطلاعات ارزشمند و انجام تحلیلهای مقایسهای ضروری است. مواد و روشها: مقاله حاضر بهعنوان یک مقاله مروری، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا تهیه شده است. این مطالعه بر اساس جستجوی سیستماتیک در پایگاههای داده معتبر علمی شامل PubMed، Web of Science، Google Scholar و Scopus انجام گرفته است. یافتهها: در این مطالعه به بررسی نقش فناوریهای اُمیکس و بیوانفورماتیک در بهبود تحمل گیاهان نسبت به تنشهای غیرزیستی پرداخته شد. در ابتدا، فناوریهای اصلی تولید دادههای مولکولی عظیم و منابع عمومی بیوانفورماتیک مرور شده است. سپس، پایگاههای داده بیوانفورماتیکی مرتبط با تنشهای غیرزیستی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتهاند. همچنین، یافتههای مطالعات بیوانفورماتیکی که به شناسایی ژنهای کلیدی و مسیرهای متابولیکی مرتبط با تحمل به تنشهای غیرزیستی پرداختهاند، به دقت تحلیل شدهاند. نتیجهگیری: منابع بیوانفورماتیکی به محققان این امکان را میدهند که به اطلاعات ژنومی، ترنسکریپتومی و پروتئومیکی دسترسی پیدا کنند و یافتههای بیوانفورماتیکی را با دادههای تجربی ترکیب نمایند. این فرآیندها زمینه را برای مدلسازی دقیقتر فرآیندهای دخیل فراهم میسازند و نتایج مطالعات بیوانفورماتیکی میتوانند به شناسایی ژنها و مسیرهای متابولیکی مؤثر در تحمل به تنشهای غیرزیستی منجر شوند. در نهایت، این رویکردهای یکپارچه میتوانند به توسعه استراتژیهای بهنژادی هدفمند برای ایجاد گیاهان مقاوم به تنشهای غیرزیستی کمک کنند و بدین ترتیب بهرهوری کشاورزی را افزایش دهند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ژنومیکس؛ ترنسکریپتومیکس؛ پروتئومیکس؛ متابولومیکس؛ پایگاه داده؛ تنش | ||
مراجع | ||
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