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نقش سیلیکون در کاهش اثرات مضر تنشهای زیستی و غیرزیستی در برنج (Oryza sativa L): مطالعه مروری | ||
| بیوتکنولوژی و بیوشیمی غلات | ||
| دوره 4، شماره 3، مهر 1404، صفحه 418-443 اصل مقاله (762.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22126/cbb.2025.12185.1106 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سجاد شاکرکوهی؛ محمد ربیعی* | ||
| بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مقدمه: برنج (Oryza sativa L.) از مهمترین محصولات زراعی و منبع اصلی غذا برای بیش از نیمی از جمعیت جهان میباشد. از اینرو، افزایش تولید آن بهمنظور حفظ امنیت غذایی و تأمین نیازهای جمعیت رو به رشد جهان، امری ضروری است. در حال حاضر، کشت برنج در بسیاری از مناطق جهان به طور جدی تحت تأثیر تنشهای مختلف زنده و غیرزنده قرار میگیرد. سیلیکون (Si) دومین عنصر فراوان در خاک است. با وجود اینکه Si به عنوان یک عنصر ضروری برای گیاهان طبقهبندی نمیشود، اما در کاهش اثر تنشهای زنده و غیرزنده مفید میباشد. از آنجایی که برنج یک گیاه تجمعدهنده Si است، تغذیه و مدیریت آن میتواند نقش حیاتی در کاهش اثرهای منفی تنشهای محیطی در طول دوره رشد این محصول ایفا نماید. مواد و روشها: مقاله حاضر به عنوان یک مقاله مروری، با استفاده از استراتژی جستجوی PRISMA انجام شد. جمعآوری دادههای این مطالعه از طریق جستجو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی شامل PubMed، Google Scholar، Scopus، Web of Science، ResearchGate و ScienceDirect صورت گرفت. در این بررسی، نقش مهم Si در بهبود عملکرد برنج و کاهش اثر تنشهای زنده (آفات و بیماریها) و غیرزنده (خوابیدگی، خشکی، شوری، دمایی، سمیت فلزات سنگین و عدم تعادل مواد مغذی) و همچنین، چگونگی تأثیر عوامل ژنتیکی و محیطی مانند نوع و pH خاک، دما، رژیمهای آبیاری و مواد مغذی خاک، بر جذب و تجمع Si در گیاه برنج مورد بحث قرار گرفت.. یافتهها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کاربرد Si ، نهتنها عملکرد محصول را بهبود میبخشد، بلکه موجب کاهش اثرات مضر انواع تنشها در برنج میشود. بیشتر این اثرات بهدلیل رسوب Si در قسمتهای مختلف گیاه از جمله برگها و ساقهها است. Si مقاومت در برابر آفات و عوامل بیماریزا را به طور عمده از طریق دو سازوکار اصلی شامل مقاومت فیزیکی (رسوب Si در زیر لایه کوتیکول و تشکیل لایه دوگانه کوتیکول- Si) و مقاومت شیمیایی (افزایش تولید و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان و ترکیبات فرار گیاهی)، ایجاد میکند. کاربرد Si در طول تنش خشکی از فشردهشدن آوندهای چوبی جلوگیری کرده و در نتیجه منجر به کاهش سرعت تعرق میشود. از طرف دیگر، Si با بهبود ویژگیهای ریشه میتواند جذب آب را افزایش داده و موجب القاء تحمل به خشکی در برنج شود. Si همچنین با کاهش جذب سدیم و انتقال آن از ریشه به ساقه، اثرات تنش شوری را کاهش میدهد. علاوه بر این، Si استحکام ساقه و پایداری دستههای آوندی را افزایش داده و در نتیجه از خوابیدگی بوته جلوگیری میکند. همچنین Si میتواند با کلات کردن یونهای فلزی، تنظیم انتقالدهندههای فلزی، تحریک آنتیاکسیدانهای آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی و بهینهسازی رشد گیاه، موجب کاهش سمیت فلزات سنگین در برنج شود. نتیجهگیری: نتایج بررسی حاضر اهمیت Si در ایجاد تحمل به تنشهای زنده و غیرزنده در گیاه برنج را نشان میدهد. بنابراین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از Si یک مزیت برای تولید پایدار برنج، بهویژه در شرایط تنشزا محسوب میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تنش خشکی؛ تنش شوری؛ تنش گرما؛ فلزات سنگین؛ مقاومت | ||
| مراجع | ||
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