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Scalable production of steam-activated wool carbon for highly efficient Cr(VI) adsorption | ||
| Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater | ||
| دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25، شهریور 2026، صفحه 31-40 اصل مقاله (1.29 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22126/arww.2026.13300.1455 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Sara Heshmatian* 1؛ Hooman Bakhshi2؛ Shohreh Azizi2؛ Itani Given Madiba2 | ||
| 1Department of Engineering Sciences and Physics, Buein Zahra Technical University, Buein Zahra, Iran. | ||
| 2UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences-Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study presents a sustainable approach for converting waste sheep wool into high-performance activated carbon for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. Chemical (NaOH) and steam activation routes were evaluated, and steam activation at 900 °C for 3 h in a rotary furnace produced the optimal material. The resulting carbon exhibited a high specific surface area (1807 m²/g), a pore volume of 1.002 cm³/g, and a well-developed micro-mesoporous structure. The optimized adsorbent achieved 99% removal of Cr(VI) from a 400 mg/L solution within 45 min. Physicochemical characterization (BET, SEM, XRD, Raman) and adsorption analysis (ICP-OES) confirmed the material’s suitability for adsorption processes. Equilibrium behavior was best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.976), while the Langmuir model yielded a monolayer capacity of 147 mg/g. Kinetic data closely followed the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.999), suggesting adsorption dominated by electrostatic interactions and surface complexation under acidic conditions. These findings demonstrate that wool waste can be effectively valorized as a low-cost, scalable, and efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) remediation. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Activated carbon؛ Steam activation؛ Chromium (VI) removal؛ Wool waste؛ Wastewater treatment | ||
| مراجع | ||
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