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Environmental Impacts and Management of Acid Mine Drainage: A Review | ||
| Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 05 آبان 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22126/arww.2026.14604.1534 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Zahra Taheri؛ Amir Zeidi؛ Hajar Abyar* | ||
| Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Acid mine drainage (AMD), an environmental dilemma of sulfide-bearing mining, threatens human health and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Unlike transient industrial pollutants, AMD functions as a self-sustaining geochemical system capable of generating highly acidic and metal-laden effluents, reducing biodiversity. Recent research emphasizes integrated management strategies that combine waste containment, microbial inhibition, continuous monitoring, and site-specific remediation to minimize AMD generation. Despite progress, critical gaps remain in predicting long-term behavior, assessing cumulative ecological risks, and optimizing cost-effective remediation solutions. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of AMD formation mechanisms, environmental consequences, and mitigation strategies. A literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, considering combinations of related terms. The results demonstrate that AMD behavior is controlled by the interaction of sulfide-mineral reactivity, oxygen and water availability, microbial activity, mineral buffering capacity, hydrology, and redox conditions. Active neutralization can provide rapid acidity and metal control but involves chemical consumption, sludge generation, and operational costs. Biological systems can also decrease operational requirements but may be constrained by hydraulic loading, substrate depletion, temperature, and long-term performance uncertainty. Resource recovery can partially offset treatment burdens. The findings underscore the urgent need for proactive measures to prevent AMD and protect surrounding ecosystems and human communities from its detrimental effects. Achieving impressive progress requires paradigm shifts in mining practices, including selective material handling, predictive geochemical modeling, continuous monitoring, and systematic integration of AMD risk mitigation into environmental governance and corporate social responsibility frameworks. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Acid mine drainage؛ Environmental impacts؛ Remediation techniques؛ Tailings؛ Sulfide mineral oxidation | ||
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